The American Academy of Arts and Sciences Founded by
 American Academy of Arts and Sciences logo | |
| Abbreviation | AAA&Southward |
|---|---|
| Formation | May 4, 1780 (1780-05-04); 242 years ago |
| Type | Honorary gild and independent research center |
| Headquarters | Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Membership | more than 5,700 agile members, beyond the U.s. and effectually the earth |
| Website | www |
The American Academy of Arts and Sciences (abbreviation: AAA&Southward) is one of the oldest learned societies in the United States. Information technology was founded in 1780 during the American Revolution by John Adams, John Hancock, James Bowdoin,[1] Andrew Oliver, and other Founding Fathers of the United States.[2] Information technology is headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Membership in the university is achieved through a thorough petition, review, and election process.[3] The academy's quarterly journal, Dædalus, is published by MIT Press on behalf of the academy.[iv] The academy also conducts multidisciplinary public policy research.[5]
History [edit]
The Academy was established past the Massachusetts legislature on May iv, 1780, charted in order "to cultivate every art and science which may tend to advance the interest, honor, dignity, and happiness of a gratuitous, independent, and virtuous people."[half-dozen] The 60-two incorporating fellows represented varying interests and high continuing in the political, professional person, and commercial sectors of the state. The first class of new members, called by the University in 1781, included Benjamin Franklin and George Washington as well as several international honorary members. The initial book of Academy Memoirs appeared in 1785, and the Proceedings followed in 1846. In the 1950s, the Academy launched its periodical Daedalus, reflecting its delivery to a broader intellectual and socially-oriented program.[7]
Since the second one-half of the twentieth century, contained research has become a fundamental focus of the University. In the late 1950s, arms command emerged equally one of its signature concerns. The University also served as the goad in establishing the National Humanities Center in Northward Carolina. In the late 1990s, the Academy developed a new strategic programme, focusing on 4 major areas: science, engineering, and global security; social policy and educational activity; humanities and culture; and pedagogy. In 2002, the Academy established a visiting scholars programme in clan with Harvard Academy. More than 75 academic institutions from across the country accept get Affiliates of the Academy to support this program and other Academy initiatives.[8]
The Academy has sponsored a number of awards and prizes,[9] throughout its history and has offered opportunities for fellowships and visiting scholars at the University.[x]
In July 2013, the Boston Globe exposed then president Leslie Berlowitz for falsifying her credentials, faking a doctorate, and consistently mistreating her staff.[eleven] Berlowitz subsequently resigned.[12] [13]
Projects [edit]
The Humanities Indicators [edit]
A project of the Academy that equips researchers, policymakers, universities, foundations, museums, libraries, humanities councils, and other public institutions with statistical tools for answering basic questions near primary and secondary humanities instruction, undergraduate and graduate education in the humanities, the humanities workforce, levels and sources of program funding, public understanding and bear upon of the humanities, and other areas of business concern in the humanities community.[fourteen] [fifteen] [xvi] [17] Information technology is modeled on the Scientific discipline and Technology Indicators, published biennially by the National Science Board as required by Congress.
Membership [edit]
Founding members [edit]
Charter members of the Academy were John Adams, Samuel Adams, John Bacon, James Bowdoin, Charles Chauncy, John Clarke, David Cobb, Samuel Cooper, Nathan Cushing, Thomas Cushing, William Cushing, Tristram Dalton, Francis Dana, Samuel Deane, Perez Fobes, Caleb Gannett, Henry Gardner, Benjamin Lodge, John Hancock, Joseph Hawley, Edward Augustus Holyoke, Ebenezer Chase, Jonathan Jackson, Charles Jarvis, Samuel Langdon, Levi Lincoln, Daniel Little, Elijah Lothrup, John Lowell, Samuel Mather, Samuel Moody, Andrew Oliver, Joseph Orne, Theodore Parsons, George Partridge, Robert Treat Paine, Phillips Payson, Samuel Phillips, John Pickering, Oliver Prescott, Zedekiah Sanger, Nathaniel Peaslee Sargeant, Micajah Sawyer, Theodore Sedgwick, William Sever, David Sewall, Stephen Sewall, John Sprague, Ebenezer Storer, Caleb Stiff, James Sullivan, John Bernard Sweat, Nathaniel Tracy, Cotton Tufts, James Warren, Samuel West, Edward Wigglesworth, Joseph Willard, Abraham Williams, Nehemiah Williams, Samuel Williams, and James Winthrop.
Members [edit]
From the beginning, the membership, nominated and elected by peers, has included not only scientists and scholars, but too writers and artists every bit well every bit representatives from the full range of professions and public life. Throughout the Academy'due south history, 10,000 fellows have been elected, including such notables as John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, John James Audubon, Joseph Henry, Washington Irving, Josiah Willard Gibbs, Augustus Saint-Gaudens, J. Robert Oppenheimer, Willa Cather, T. S. Eliot, Edward R. Murrow, Jonas Salk, Eudora Welty, and Duke Ellington.
International honorary members have included Jose Antonio Pantoja Hernandez, Albert Einstein,[18] Leonhard Euler, Marquis de Lafayette, Alexander von Humboldt, Leopold von Ranke, Charles Darwin, Otto Hahn, Jawaharlal Nehru, Pablo Picasso, Liu Guosong, Lucian Michael Freud, Luis Buñuel, Galina Ulanova, Werner Heisenberg, Alec Guinness, Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, Menahem Yaari, Yitzhak Apeloig, Zvi Galil, Haim Harari, and Sebastião Salgado.[xix]
Astronomer Maria Mitchell was the first woman elected to the University, in 1848.[20]
The current membership encompasses over v,700 members based across the United States and around the world. Academy members include more than 250 Nobel laureates and more than sixty Pulitzer Prize winners.[21]
Of the Academy'due south xiv,343 members since 1780, 1,406 are or take been affiliated with Harvard University, 611 with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 433 with Yale University, 425 with the Academy of California, Berkeley, and 404 with Stanford University. The post-obit table includes those institutions affiliated with 300 or more members.[22]
| Institution | Members (1780-2021) |
|---|---|
| Harvard | one,406 |
| MIT | 611 |
| Yale | 433 |
| Berkeley | 425 |
| Stanford | 404 |
| Chicago | 367 |
| Columbia | 344 |
| Princeton | 322 |
† Excludes members affiliated exclusively with associated national laboratories.
Classes and sections [edit]
The current membership is divided into five classes and twenty-four sections.[23]
Class I – Mathematical and physical sciences
- Section 1. Mathematics, applied mathematics and statistics
- Section two. Physics
- Section 3. Chemical science
- Section 4. Astronomy (including astrophysics) and globe science
- Section 5. Engineering sciences and technologies
- Department six. Computer scientific discipline (including bogus intelligence and information technologies)
Class II – Biological sciences
- Section 1. Biochemistry, biophysics and molecular biology
- Department 2. Cellular and developmental biological science, microbiology and immunology (including genetics)
- Section three. Neurosciences, cognitive sciences, and behavioral biology
- Department 4. Evolutionary and population biology and ecology
- Section 5. Medical sciences (including physiology and pharmacology), clinical medicine, and public health
Class III – Social sciences
- Section ane. Social and developmental psychology and education
- Section 2. Economics
- Section three. Political science, international relations, and public policy
- Section 4. Police (including the practice of police)
- Department 5. Archaeology, anthropology, sociology, geography and demography
Course Four – Arts and humanities
- Section ane. Philosophy and religious studies
- Section 2. History
- Section 3. Literary criticism (including philology)
- Section 4. Literature (fiction, poetry, brusk stories, nonfiction, playwriting, screenwriting and translation)
- Section 5. Visual arts and performing arts – criticism and practise
Class V – Public diplomacy, concern, and administration
- Section one. Journalism and communications
- Section 2. Business organization, corporate and philanthropic leadership
- Section 3. Educational, scientific, cultural and philanthropic assistants
Presidents, 1780–present [edit]
- 1780–1790 James Bowdoin
- 1791–1814 John Adams
- 1814–1820 Edward Augustus Holyoke
- 1820–1829 John Quincy Adams
- 1829–1838 Nathaniel Bowditch
- 1838–1839 James Jackson, G.D.[24]
- 1839–1846 John Pickering[25]
- 1846–1863 Jacob Bigelow
- 1863–1873 Asa Greyness
- 1873–1880 Charles Francis Adams
- 1880–1892 Joseph Lovering
- 1892–1894 Josiah Parsons Cooke
- 1894–1903 Alexander Agassiz
- 1903–1908 William Watson Goodwin
- 1908–1915 John Trowbridge
- 1915–1917 Henry Pickering Walcott
- 1917–1919 Charles Pickering Bowditch
- 1919–1921 Theodore William Richards
- 1921–1924 George Foot Moore
- 1924–1927 Theodore Lyman
- 1927–1931 Edwin Bidwell Wilson
- 1931–1933 Jeremiah D. Thousand. Ford
- 1933–1935 George Howard Parker
- 1935–1937 Roscoe Pound
- 1937–1939 Dugald C. Jackson
- 1939–1944 Harlow Shapley
- 1944–1951 Howard Mumford Jones
- 1951–1954 Edwin Herbert Land
- 1954–1957 John Ely Burchard
- 1957–1961 Kirtley Fletcher Mather
- 1961–1964 Hudson Hoagland
- 1964–1967 Paul A. Freund
- 1967–1971 Talcott Parsons
- 1971–1976 Harvey Brooks
- 1976–1979 Victor Frederick Weisskopf
- 1979–1982 Milton Katz
- 1982–1986 Herman Feshbach
- 1986–1989 Edward Hirsch Levi
- 1989–1994 Leo Beranek
- 1994–1997 Jaroslav Pelikan
- 1997–2000 Daniel C. Tosteson
- 2000–2001 James O. Freedman
- 2001–2006 Patricia Meyer Spacks
- 2006–2009 Emilio Bizzi
- 2010–2013 Leslie C. Berlowitz
- 2014–2018 Jonathan Fanton
- 2019– David Westward. Oxtoby
See also [edit]
- American Philosophical Lodge
- National Academy of Engineering
- National Academy of Medicine (formerly the Plant of Medicine)
- National Academy of Sciences
- List of American Academy of Arts and Sciences members
References [edit]
- ^ Kershaw, Chiliad. Due east. (2014). American Academy of arts and sciences. In 1000. Spencer (Ed.),The Bloomsbury encyclopedia of the American Enlightenment. London, UK: Bloomsbury.
- ^ "Yale Faculty Named to American University of Arts and Sciences". Yale University. May 4, 2004. Archived from the original on September eighteen, 2016. Retrieved April 21, 2012.
- ^ "Academy Bylaws – American Academy of Arts & Sciences". Archived from the original on June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017.
- ^ "About the Academy". American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Archived from the original on September 2, 2012. Retrieved September 11, 2012.
- ^ "Our Work". American Academy of Arts & Sciences.
- ^ "Charter of Incorporation". American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Archived from the original on January 3, 2011. Retrieved April 21, 2012.
- ^ "Gale Encyclopedia of US History: American University of Arts and Sciences".
- ^ "Visiting Scholars Program". American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Archived from the original on August thirty, 2014. Retrieved August 22, 2014.
- ^ "Prizes". American Academy of Arts & Sciences.
- ^ "Fellowships". American Academy of Arts & Sciences.
- ^ "Leader of Cambridge's prestigious Academy of Arts and Sciences inflated resume, falsely claiming doctorate – The Boston Globe". BostonGlobe.com.
- ^ Embattled head of American Academy of Arts and Sciences resigns subsequently questions about resume – Metro. The Boston Globe (July 26, 2013). Retrieved on 2013-08-12.
- ^ University loses a tireless advocate of arts, sciences – Letters. The Boston World (July 30, 2013). Retrieved on 2013-08-12.
- ^ Humanities Indicators.
- ^ Chronicle of College Education, "First National Motion picture of Trends in the Humanities Is Unveiled," January 7, 2009.
- ^ "A New Humanities Written report Card," September four, 2013.
- ^ "The State of the Humanities: Funding 2014" (PDF). humanitiesindicators.org.
- ^ "Albert Einstein". American Academy of Arts & Sciences.
- ^ "Mr. Sebastiao Ribeiro Salgado". American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved Baronial 13, 2014. [ permanent expressionless link ]
- ^ "She is an Astronomer" Maria Mitchell.
- ^ "Hillary Rodham Clinton, Tyler Jacks, Andre Previn, and Melinda F. Gates Elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences". American Academy of Arts and Sciences. April 17, 2012.
- ^ "Fellow member Directory". www.amacad.org . Retrieved December 14, 2021.
- ^ "Newly Elected Members, April 2014" (PDF).
- ^ Bowditch, Nathaniel Ingersoll, Memoir of Nathaniel Bowditch, Charles C. Little and James Brownish, 1840. Cf. p.138
- ^ White, Daniel Appleton, "Eulogy on John Pickering, LL. D., President of the American University of Arts and Sciences", eulogy delivered to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, October 28, 1846; published in Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, v.three
External links [edit]
- Official website
- Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Vol ane, 1783
- Proceedings of the American University of Arts and Sciences, Vol.one (1846) – Vol.57 (1922) at Biodiversity Heritage Library
Coordinates: 42°22′51″North 71°06′37″Due west / 42.380755°N 71.110256°W / 42.380755; -71.110256
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences
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